The development of the English language began in the Middle Ages in England. English is a Germanic language that has many Romance influences. From the time of the birth of English up to the present, its influence on the English language continues to grow. English is the mother language for more than 300 million people in the following countries: Great Britain, Ireland, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica as well as South Africa.

Global spoken languages, English also plays a vital part in aviation, the IT and film industries, pop music, and other aspects. Today it is the only world language that is undisputed.

History Of The English Language

The origin of English is traced to Germanic tribes, including The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. They arrived in their current location in the British Isles around 450. The first Celtic inhabitants were driven to the west and north (Scotland and Wales).

The language spoken by The language of Angles, Saxons, and Jutes is what we refer to as Old English. Current English has developed from this. There were many influences from the outside. When the Vikings arrived in England about 800 in the year 800, they brought Danish as well as Norwegian. From 1066 after 1066, the French significantly influenced English for three centuries.

Because of colonialism, English is widely spoken across the globe. At its highest point in 1921, the British Empire comprised a quarter of the population and a quarter of the Earth’s landmass.

While the British Empire is no more, There is an agreement between the previous British colonies. This is the Commonwealth of Nations (in English: Commonwealth of Nations).

English can be typically broken down into the following phases:

• Old English, 7th and 8th centuries Also called Anglo-Saxon and is mentioned by Beowulf.
• Middle English, 12th-15th century was affected by Norman (a French dialect) following the Battle of Hastings.
• New English, 16th century to present.

Language Family

English is part of languages belonging to the Germanic languages, a category of Indo-European languages that form part of the more prominent family. The Indo-European languages comprise the largest family of languages of which all languages in Europe are part. It is a West Germanic language and most closely connected with Frisian, Low Saxon, and Dutch in addition to German (also West Germanic languages). In lesser amounts, English is also related to the Scandinavian language (the North Germanic languages) and Gothic (an extinct East Germanic language). Three subgroups are identified from the Germanic languages: the Northern (including Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish) and the Continental (including German and Dutch), and the Western one, to which English is a part.

The Influence Of Other Languages

Since the British Empire is the home of many different peoples and spread throughout the world, numerous influences from other languages are found.

• There was plenty in the way of influences from Old Norse in earlier times because of the numerous Vikings who settled in the area. A few examples include sky eggs, call, and sky.
• The most significant influence of linguistics on English was derived from the French during the lengthy Norman rule in England. Almost 30% of the present English is traceable back to French!
• Many loanwords originated from different Romance languages, notably Latin, Spanish and Italian.
• There’s also some influence from Dutch, particularly words from transportation. A few popular ones include the word “brandy” (from brandy) and skate and skate. Santa Claus can be our Sinterklaas as well as maybe less well-known is the fact that cookies are derived from biscuits.
• There are Celtic Influences, though smaller than one would think. It is believed that Celtic influences influenced the English language and grammar.

English is, therefore, a Germanic language with many Romanesque elements. Therefore, English has a broad vocabulary. Often multiple words have the same meaning, with the Germanic version being more prevalent for everyday use. The French or Latin variant is usually the standard written language.

Worldwide

The English formed within the British Isles for around 1000 years, and navigators, merchants, soldiers, pilgrims, and missionaries of the British Empire expanded it across the globe. By the moment people started thinking about adopting a policy on language, English was already in every corner of the world. It is also the official language of the former British colonial colonies.

This explains why English was not the dominant language in this area of Asian and African colonies. Administration, business as well as education were carried out in English. However, this was never the majority language. From the beginning of English until the present, the influence of English has continued to grow. 

English is now the primary or the official language of 75 nations, a direct result of the British Empire.

Learn English online and enhance your speaking skills because English is the most widespread language globally.

English: A Germanic Language

Numerous factors have contributed to English development, which is currently classified as a Germanic one (German, Dutch, etc. ).In linguistics, languages are classified based on their genetic connection: standard features that differentiate the languages they are compared to. These factors are apparent in the syntax and grammar (English is more similar to German than French grammar-wise).

Just 26 percent of English vocabulary originates directly from Germanic words. We see an unmistakable resemblance to German in the following words:

• apple
• arms
• house
• and

58 percent of English words are derived from the Romance language. We see an unmistakable resemblance to French in terms like:

• pork
• beef
• human
• library
• animal
• keep ongoing
• journey

Due to this beautiful mix, Some experts want to see a change in how they define English.

Conclusion

Understanding the roots of the English language isn’t easy. Still, it’s fascinating to observe how it has developed. Today, the English language is of global significance as millions of people utilize it daily. Discover tips why English is hard to learn? as it’s an excellent exercise that lets you connect with people worldwide.

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Nearly every industry has made changes in the name of “going green,” and that includes the commercial trucking industry. Just like passenger vehicles, commercial trucks are getting a green makeover that includes vehicles that produce zero emissions.

Based on the trucking industry’s adoption of eco-friendly options, it’s easy to see a future of clean fleets for just about any business that utilizes commercial vehicles, including ride sharing companies, taxi services, food delivery, and furniture delivery companies.

There are several factors driving this green trucking revolution. While concern for the environment is obvious, the cost-saving opportunities have probably been the most influential in getting more companies to make the move.

Green commercial trucks cost less to maintain

When the industry goes green, trucking companies will save on gas, but that’s not all. They’ll also save on repairs, especially when they’re using software to manage their fleet maintenance responsibilities.

Green vehicles need less maintenance for certain parts. For instance, electric motors don’t need as much maintenance as a standard combustion engine because the mechanical operation is different.

The most common maintenance tasks required for standard vehicles don’t apply to electric vehicles. For example, electric vehicles don’t need oil changes, and they don’t require fuel filters, spark plugs, or drive belts.

Commercial trucks normally require a lot of maintenance. When these trucks are electric or hybrid in nature, less maintenance will mean fleets will have more vehicles available at all times. It also means truck drivers will have less maintenance to worry about, and they can spend more time making deliveries. In this manner, it won’t be such a big deal to get their brakes serviced, which is something that can take hours, if not a whole day.

Clean trucking fleets are coming

Some major trucking companies are in the process of overhauling their fleets in order to reduce emissions. UPS has already started using electric trucks to make deliveries. Although, not all companies are adopting green vehicles just yet. However, the companies that are transitioning to green vehicles will have a head start when everyone else finally comes around.

For the companies who haven’t moved to all green vehicle fleets, they’re using something called telematics. Telematics is the process of installing monitoring devices on vehicles in order to capture data about emissions. This data helps trucking companies lower emissions on a per-vehicle basis and can detect certain issues that can’t be seen with the naked eye.

Telematics is great at picking up minor details, like how tire pressure can save on fuel costs. For example, when trucks maintain proper tire pressure at all times, the result is up to a 3.3% increase in fuel efficiency. When tire pressure starts to drop, telematics equipment communicates the status to the driver and tells them their tires need more air.

Other ways trucks are going green

There are several other ways commercial trucks are going green that aren’t related to electric vehicles. For instance, they’re optimizing routes, optimizing vehicle aerodynamics, and turning to alternative fuels.

·  Route optimization

Optimizing routes can lead to significant savings on fuel consumption. Route planning involves managing routes based on the weather, since bad weather can negatively impact fuel economy. When trucks get stuck in bad traffic from a storm or just a traffic jam, they have to drive in a lower gear and therefore use more fuel.

Trucking companies are using artificial intelligence (AI) to manage routes. The AI software can predict weather and traffic, which helps truckers predict potential road conditions and choose another route when appropriate.

·  Vehicle optimization

Aside from going all-electric, trucks with combustion engines can be made more sustainable. New trucks are being made to be more aerodynamic, which reduces the drag and increases fuel efficiency.

Manufacturers are redesigning their trucks, tractor-trailers, and semis to be more aerodynamic by reducing the gap between the truck and trailer, and re-shaping bumpers. As an added bonus, aerodynamic trucks are also faster, which means truckers can meet their delivery deadlines easier.

Improving aerodynamics is a very basic concept, but it makes a huge difference. For trucking companies that can’t go completely green, getting aerodynamic vehicles is an excellent step in the right direction.

·  Alternative fuels

Although a cleaner version of diesel fuel has become standardized in many places, there are greener options. Instead of using standard diesel, many trucking companies opt for biodiesel. Although there are still emissions, biodiesel is non-toxic and biodegradable. When there’s a spill, it won’t harm the environment like petroleum-based diesel fuel.

The biggest problem with biodiesel is that it isn’t always environmentally-friendly to produce it on a mass scale. The clearing and burning required to harvest the soybeans and palm trees used to make biodiesel has a negative environmental impact.

Electric commercial trucks are the optimal way forward

Although there are many ways trucking companies are going green, the ideal solution seems to be electric fleets. For now, electric trucks are financially out of reach for many businesses. Although, as electric trucks become more common, they will come down in price and we’ll see a wider adoption across many industries.

Property management can be a competitive game, but it can also be a rewarding career choice. There are many things to consider if you are looking to enter the real estate industry from licensing and insurance requirements to sales and marketing tactics. 

Operating professionally

When you choose to go into property management, you must understand the licensing and insurance requirements for your particular state. To operate as a property management professional for real estate, you must hold either a property management license or a real estate broker’s license in most states in the US and the license you hold must be issued and active in the state where you conduct your business. There are different levels of property manager insurance that you can have with inclusions that vary depending on where you work and what kind of property management business you have. A quote for property management insurance will display all the options available to you to ensure that you are adequately covered for any risk associated with your business.  

Employing your best business skills

There is always some risk associated with tenanted properties which is why a good property manager must remain vigilant in actively overseeing their clients’ assets. In addition to this, there are also large sums that need to be handled with pinpoint accuracy to ensure that your books are always in order and that you can successfully track your client’s earnings at any time. Property management is a big responsibility, and you need to ensure that your client’s financial affairs are handled with the utmost professionalism to build your reputation to the highest possible level. Professional business management skills are an important part of becoming a successful property manager and will help to negate the risk of losing clients in the future.  

Creating your brand

Property management is a highly localized industry which means that most people will be operating in their immediate area or region. As a personal service, property management is something that is based heavily on reputation, so you must maintain your image in the local community. Creating a brand for yourself, even if you are working within a larger company is an important part of becoming a successful property manager. This can be a rewarding experience as your work will entail you becoming an active part of your local community.

Building your accreditations

Though you may have the required licenses, real estate is an industry that continues to grow and change exponentially. To ensure that your knowledge of local laws and industry trends remains as current as possible, you may want to consider joining a local or national association for property management. With these kinds of memberships, you will have the opportunity to extend your professional development which will work towards your continuing enjoyment of this fantastic nationwide industry. 

Property management can be a rewarding career experience. This is an industry that allows you to really get to know people as your dealings are conducted over a longer period than in most other industries. With the right planning and expert execution, property management is a career that people can remain passionate about for many years.  

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Instagram experience solely focuses on the content and accounts we view and unfortunately, sometimes they make us uncomfortable.

Fortunately, the app allows users to report posts and other content, and here is how they can do it!

Content

• Reasons to report an Instagram account
• How to do an Instagram report?
• How long does it take Instagram to take action for a reported account?
• Does a reported account get a notification?

Reasons to report an Instagram account

There are varied reasons for a person to report a post, photo, comment, or profile.

While they might have personal reasons, most of the time it’s because the user is violating Instagram’s Terms and Conditions or Community Guidelines.

Violating community guidelines

Instagram has strict terms and community guidelines to ensure user safety on the platform.

In a short example, it encourages people to post their own photo or videos, avoid content-stealing by respecting copyright infringement, and avoid spamming others on the posts.

Any content and account that abuses those terms can be reported.

There are two options while reporting an Instagram account:

It’s spam

Excessive interaction, such as posting and commenting multiple times, is considered spam on Instagram, especially if the comments are irrelevant.

When you select “It’s spam” when reporting an account on the Instagram app, the app automatically blocks the profile.

This means neither you nor the other person will be able to see each other’s posts and cannot comment.

Spam doesn’t mean that they are fake or they know how to get more Instagram followers! It’s different.

Inappropriate Content

The inappropriate contents that can be reported on Instagram are:

• Nudity or sexual activity,
• Suicide or self-injury,
• Bullying, harassment or hate speech,
• Violence or dangerous organizations,
• False information or scams,
• Intellectual property violation,

The second option, “It’s inappropriate“, covers more options. Hence, it leads the user to another page or form to receive additional information.

Through these reports, people can inform Instagram about a fake account that uses a similar username of a business or celebrity to spread false information. Or they buy Instagram likes app and pretend to be influencers.

How to do an Instagram Report?

You can report a post, account, comment, direct message, or a story on the Instagram app on a browser or mobile device.

The layout might be slightly different on Android and iOS but the overall options of the report are the same.

How to Report an Instagram Account?

You can easily report an account on Instagram on a mobile device or browser.

• Open Instagram and go to the account you want to report,
• Tap on the three dots at the top right corner,
• Select Report and “It’s spam” or “It’s inappropriate” from the menu to add details.

On browser:

• Open Instagram and go to the profile of the person you want to report,
• Click on the three dots beside username,
• Select Report User and select the reason for the report.

How to Report a Post on Instagram?

To report a post on Instagram:

• Open the Instagram post,
• Tap on the three horizontal dots at the top right corner of the screen,
• Select Report and “It’s spam” or “It’s inappropriate”.

How to Report a Comment on Instagram?

Instead of reporting a post or account, you can report comments that trigger you or others on Instagram.

To report a comment:

• Open Instagram and locate the comment you want to report,
• Swipe left on the comment and tap on the exclamation point icon to view details,
• From the options, if you believe it’s an abusive comment or includes hate speech, select “Abusive content”,
• Or select “Spam or Scam” to report the comment.

How to Report a Direct Message on Instagram?

If you receive an unwanted direct message from a profile on Instagram, you can block or report the account.

If you would like to report the message directly to Instagram, you can:

• Open the DM,
• Long press on the message for options to appear,
• Select Report and follow the steps.

How to Report an Instagram Story?

To report an Instagram story:

• Open the Instagram story and tap on three dots at the right bottom of the screen,
• Tap Report,
• Select either “It’s spam” or “It’s inappropriate” and follow the steps.

How to Report Ads on Instagram?

Instagram offers two options for the ads that you believe are inappropriate or misleading.

To report an ad:

• Tap on the dots (appears vertical on Android) at the top right corner of the sponsored post,
• Select Report Ad,
• To inform Instagram, below Why are you reporting this ad?, select options from the menu.

You can also report “It violates my intellectual property rights.” if you think ad posts violate your intellectual property right by using the Instagram form.

Instead of reporting ads, you can also hide them:

• Tap on the dots at the top right corner of the sponsored post,
• Select Hide Ad,
• To improve content services, below Why are you hiding this ad?, you can select options from the menu.

How Long Does Instagram Take to Action for a Reported Account?

Mind that your report can be viewed on Instagram in a few minutes or days as they receive many reports daily.

They go through the account or content to know if someone accidentally reported or if the person is indeed abusing the community guidelines.

Unfortunately, Instagram doesn’t inform you all the time once they review your report.

There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as Instagram takes a variety of factors into account when determining how to handle a reported account. However, the company is typically quick to action, with most reports being addressed within 24 hours. In some cases, insta views may be available if the reported content is deemed to be in violation of Instagram’s community guidelines.

Especially if you reported an account, instead of deleting it, Instagram might suspend them. However, if more people reported the same account, it’s possible for Instagram to delete it.

Does a Reported Account Get a Notification?

Yes, the account you reported receives notification but your information is anonymous.

For legal reasons, your report is anonymous except if you’re reporting an intellectual property infringement on Instagram.

In case the content poster wants to inquire about your ownership of the content, Instagram may include your name and email on the notification.

Conclusion

Facebook-owned, Instagram has strict rules to provide a safe environment for its users.

So, if a post, photo, or any other content violates safety, it offers easy options for users to report the content.

To become medical professionals, students invest a lot of money, effort, and constant hard work. As challenging as becoming a doctor is, there are many disciplinary rules students have to follow persistently during their journey. Sometimes, students even have to face a disciplinary case which can hamper their education and career. To avoid repercussions, you should prove yourself innocent. The best person to contact is an attorney for medical students. The attorney can deal with many issues that a student has to face during their courses, such as sexual harassment, dismissal, and academic problems. Below are a few situations where you should seek a medical student discipline defense attorney.

• Disciplinary charges: Every school has a different code of conduct, and hence their disciplinary charges differ. Students can be charged with various allegations like cyberbullying, violence, theft, cybercrime, possession of drugs, vandalism of school property, etc. The legal process is complex and tedious; it will be best for students to hire an attorney.

• Academic misconduct: Students may be charged with many academic violations, such as bribery, cheating, plagiarism, and unauthorized cooperation. Guilty students may have to face academic repercussions, like dismissal or suspension. Hiring an attorney is the best option to know your rights and protect yourself from false allegations. 

• Title IX allegations: Title IX allegations include gender discrimination, rape, bullying, sexual harassment, non-consensual sex, and dating violence. Sadly, students face these allegations most of the time. Some students are guilty, while there are also cases of false accusations. Title IX allegations may risk getting a student’s license forever. An attorney can help you get the justice you deserve.

• Student dismissal: Student dismissal rules of every medical school is different. To avoid the negative consequences of such allegations, a student should be responsible and avoid breaching any rules. However, an expert medical student defense attorney may evaluate your case and provide you with alternatives. 

• Professional issues: A medical student is expected to show extreme professionalism in their job—failing which, many students have to face various penalties. Social justice and patient autonomy are two examples of professionalism.

Conclusion

The whole idea of hiring an attorney is to justify a client’s actions properly. The attorney will present the case and defend the client before the authorities. They work in such a way and put such persuasive arguments that compel universities to revoke their decisions. Even if they fail, they will ask the authorities to take it easy on the student, so their career isn’t affected much.

There’s been a lot of talk around the famous Bitcoin ban in the EU. However, what’s really going to happen, and will it ban Bitcoin?

Image source

The fact that Bitcoin and the crypto market full of OKX automation are currently keeping EU officials very busy is clear, not least since a committee vote in mid-March. 

A controversial passage that would have de facto banned trading in energy-intensive cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin in the EU failed in the EU committee. Currently, a report is making waves, which, based on leaked documents, once again raises the possibility of a Bitcoin ban.

However, the published minutes of the talks all date back to the time before the March vote. Some of the discussions already took place in November. 

Some of the arguments that were finally discussed by the Economic Affairs Committee appear in these minutes. Swedish and German authorities are considered to be the driving forces here, warning once again about the high energy consumption of Bitcoin production and actually considering a ban on crypto mining.

Mining Ban in Europe

According to the documents, the participants immediately give themselves the answer as to whether such a ban would realistically contribute anything to Bitcoin’s ecological footprint.

“The direct ecological impact on a ban would probably be low or zero,” is quoted from the February minutes referred to by Medium. Europe represents only ten percent of the world’s mining capacity, it said. 

Moreover, the ban in China has shown that miners can change their locality very quickly, it said.

What is still in the works, however, according to the document, is an EU-wide directive on energy efficiency. Data centers and thus probably also mining sites could have to show their energy balance in the future. 

If the EU-wide energy labels for server farms come, this would make the power consumption transparent with regard to Bitcoin production. The promises made in many places by the industry that they would switch to renewable energy or only use energy surpluses anyway would also be put to the test.

End for Trading with Bitcoin?

More relevant for Bitcoin owners anyway, however, are the considerations to ban trading with Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies based on the computationally intensive proof-of-work mechanism. 

The answer to that very question is redacted in the November minutes. At least some of the EU officials are likely to have little concern about the implications for Bitcoin holders in the EU: Those who hold Bitcoin, they say, are aware of the currency’s volatility and investment risk. Consequently, protective measures are “not necessary.”

The demand that Bitcoin should do the same as Ethereum and switch to the more energy-saving “proof of stake” method is also considered completely unrealistic in the crypto scene. 

Even the participants of the February meeting came to the conclusion that such a process would be very complicated and would probably take years, as can currently be seen with Ethereum. 

Unlike the world’s second-largest cryptocurrency around founder Vitalik Buterin, Bitcoin is not backed by a comparable development team that would drive forward a development demanded by the EU.

In reality, the demand would actually lead to a Bitcoin ban in the EU in the final analysis. Of course, Bitcoin owners would still be able to send and sell their coins and also re-buy the cryptocurrency. 

But they would have to rely on foreign, unregulated crypto platforms and other channels to do so. Apart from the actual damage to EU-based crypto companies, it seems hardly plausible that it would be in the EU’s interest if citizens were to switch to less secure, unregulated providers.